These images are for educational and informational viewing only. They may not be downloaded, re-used or licensed without specific permission from the archival institutions noted.
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The famous Red Line Agreement, signed July 1928, created a closely held oil monopoly within the circumscribed area
BP Archive/BP plc
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The red line drawn on this map is intended to follow the following lines:
A-B.- The frontier defined by the Treaty of Berlin of 13th July 1878 and by the Treaty of San Stefano
of 3rd March 1878.
B-C.- The frontier demarcated by the Turco-Persian Frontier Commission in 1913-14 on the basis of
the Protocol signed at Constantinople on the 4(17) November 1913 excepting in sectors a-b
and c-d where the red line is intended to follow the line of the previous de facto frontier
described on page 139 and 140 of the Minutes of the Frontier Commission in a note dated the
1/14th October 1914 by the Russian and British Commissioners.
C-D-E.- The limit of territorial waters of the Arabian peninsula excepting the Sultanate
of Koweit and the Farsan Archipelago.
E-F.- The frontier defined by the Anglo-Turkish convention of 1st October 1906.
F-G.- The red line is intended to follow the decision of the Conference of London on the 13th February
1914 in execution of Article 5 of the Treaty of London of 17/30th May 1913 and Article 15 of
the Treaty of Athens of the 1/14th November 1913.
G-H.- The frontier defined by the Treaty of Constantinople on the 16/29th September 1913.
H-A.- The limit of the territorial waters of Turkey in the Black Sea.
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Akkadian cylinder seal; when rolled upon a surface, authenticated information about ownership; circa 2254-2193 B.C.E.
Oriental Institute Museum
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Six-sided inscribed clay prism recording eight military campaigns of King Sennacherib; circa 689 B.C.E.
Oriental Institute Museum
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Artist's conception of Timur
Richard Hook
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Anglo-Persian Oil Company's original 1901 concession
BP Archive/BP plc
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Native workman carrying cans of Anglo-Persian kerosene via mule, circa 1905-1910
BP Archive/BP plc
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Tribal horsemen hired to protect Anglo-Persian oil wells in Persia, circa 1905
BP Archive/BP plc
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Iraq's first oil gusher, Baba Gurgur, October 14, 1927
BP Archive/BP plc
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River of oil from Baba Gurgur, October 14, 1927
BP Archive/BP plc
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British Indian troops shell the Turks during Mesopotamia Campaign, circa 1916
Imperial War Museum
requires specific permission from archive
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C. S. Gulbenkian's passport picture, circa 1933
C. S. Gulbenkian Foundation
requires specific permission from archive
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C. S. Gulbenkian relaxing with kitten
C. S. Gulbenkian Foundation
requires specific permission from archive
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Detail of a Standard Oil highway map in Nazi Germany featuring a gas station attendant giving a Hitler salute
Author's Acquisition
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Mufti of Jerusalem Haj Muhammed Amin al-Husseini reviews Moslem Waffen-SS troops in Bosnia, as shown on a Nazi magazine cover, 1944
Author's Private Collection
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Changing of the signs, December 1954
BP Archive/BP plc
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Winston Churchill during his Admiralty years before World War I
Courtesy of Sir Martin Gilbert
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King Faisal in London in 1933 shortly before his death
AP Worldwide Photos
requires specific permission from archive
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Saddam Hussein, 1987
Jim Hollander, Reuters/Corbis
requires specific permission from archive
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Iraqi Jewish refugees disembarking from plane in Israel during Operation Ezra and Nehemiah. Circa 1950-1951
Government of Israel Press Office Photo Archive
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Iraqi Jewish refugees being airlifted to Israel
Government of Israel Press Office Photo Archive
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Lt. Col. Hughes issuing mission orders to battalion leadership before entering Najaf, April 2003
Courtesy of LTC Christopher Hughes
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Lt. Col. Chris Hughes outside Najaf, April 2003
Courtesy of LTC Christopher Hughes
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Bravo Company, last inspection before movement to Najaf mosque to meet with Ayatollah Sistani
Courtesy of LTC Christopher Hughes
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